Which of the Following Are Subcategories of Postmodernist Art?

Types of Art
Categories, Forms and Classification of Visual Arts and Crafts.
MAIN A-Z INDEX

Nationale Nederlanden Building,
Prague."The Dancing House". An
iconic example of Deconstructivism,
a style of contemporary architecture
pioneered past Frank O. Gehry.

DEFINITION OF VISUAL ART
Ever since the controversial works of Marcel Duchamp, avant-garde artists have been pushing the boundaries of their profession to breaking point. Installations, institute-objects, conceptual works, and motion picture, are merely some of the media which have been employed to broaden the contemporary aesthetic. A flattened motor auto has been presented as an important work of assemblage art; a dead shark has been pickled and turned into an installation; a "homo skull" has been 'recreated', studded with precious jewels and turned into a piece of gimmicky sculpture; and, to cap it all, an exhibition of gimmicky art opened last year at the Pompidou Middle in Paris, consisting of viii empty rooms.
Fine art Evaluation: How to Capeesh Art.

Basic Definitions of Art

• Art: Definition and Meaning
The meaning of beauty and art is explored in the branch of philosophy called aesthetics. For more definitions, see the following:
• Fine art
Includes: drawing, painting, sculpture and printmaking.
• Visual Fine art
Includes: fine arts, certain gimmicky arts (eg. installation, functioning) and decorative arts.
• Decorative Art
Broadly synonymous with crafts. See also: Arts and Crafts Movement.
• Applied Art
Includes: architecture, industrial-blueprint, mode/furnishings-design, interior-design etc.
• Crafts
Broadly synonymous with decorative arts. Encounter also: Feminist Art (1970s).
• Fine art Glossary
Caption of all bones terms.

IMPORTANCE OF Drawing
E'er since the Rock Historic period, painters have been forced to move with the times. Prehistoric artists painted with lumpy pigment crayons and pads of moss, before upgrading to brushes fabricated of vegetable fibre and fauna hair. For colour pigments they used three varieties of clay ochre, (reddish, xanthous and brown), and charcoal for black. By the time of the Heart Ages, artists had adult both encaustic and egg-tempera painting methods, and were soon to explore the lustrous advantages of oils. New colour pigments came and went, as did a serial of pigment containers and colour charts. Lastly, during the 1940s - about 32 Millennia since the commencement cavern paintings - chemists devised fast-drying acrylic paints. Just despite all these developments in the fine art of painting, painters even so had to draw their own images. At present, things are changing.

Digital and computer art is upon the states, which means that anyone with whatsoever proficiency in software design programs can produce a cartoon at the drop of a hat. And life drawing is at present seen by many equally an old-fashioned and unnecessary waste of time. Unfortunately, when artists stop learning how to draw, figurative fine art flies out the window, and video art takes over.

NON-REPRESENTATIONAL ART
The ongoing contend about "What constitutes fine art?" is not a trivial squabble betwixt dessicated academics. It's an important cultural result for huge numbers of people. For case, as more activities go accustomed equally "art", and so these activities find their way into the curricula of our best art schools, sometimes with unfortunate results. Last year, I visited a Graduate Evidence staged past one of Ireland'south top fine art colleges. Out of many hundred exhibits, I was impressed by the artistic merits of perhaps three works - two of which were by the same artist! Most of the other works, which were nigh all abstract, seemed to me to be sloppily executed, and defective any artistic touch - a fairly dire thing to say almost such a major showcase of young talent. Apparently the show's organizers thought differently, so possibly my sense of aesthetic appreciation has deserted me. Either that, or else information technology's a sobering example of The Emperor's New Apparel.

HOW TO EVALUATE ART
Every effort to define "practiced" art is doomed to frustration. Allowing the gratuitous market to decide may audio reasonable, except that auction prices place Damien Hirst as the best ever British artist, which sounds a fleck dodgy. Also, there are hundreds of night, uninteresting just mega-valuable Sometime Main paintings quietly deteriorating in museums effectually the world, whose budgetary value bears no relation to their "beauty". Equally for the and so-chosen "priceless" Greek sculptures in the Louvre - the one-armed, one-legged, no-head diversity, similar the Venus di Milo - would y'all want whatsoever of them in your sitting room? I doubt information technology. The lesson? Expensive fine art isn't always skilful fine art. Okay, so how else can nosotros determine what constitutes a worthy artwork? How about letting the Arts Council decide? Err, no thank you. We do that already, and it'south a disaster. A committee of independent critics? Hmm, perhaps non: look what happened to the Turner prize. Is subject matter a guide? For example, is representational or figurative art meliorate than abstraction? No. Some of the near beautiful decorative works are completely devoid of recognizable features, while a superrealist painting or sculpture can sometimes exit us cold. The truth is, "adept" or "beautiful" fine art is practically indefinable. Arguably, its existence hinges on a magical combination of shape and color, which cannot be pre-selected, otherwise Volkswagen would manufacture it.

Art HAS RARITY VALUE ONLY
Every and then often we hear that a painting or drawing by some famous artist has been bought at Sotheby's or Christie'southward for $ten million or maybe $50 million. A recent example was the $100 million paid for a screenprint (Eight Elvises) past Andy Warhol. Did the news make united states asphyxiate over our breakfast? Probably not. After all, people do pay huge prices for rare objects. Yet, it's very confusing, considering it gives the impression that a painting has an objective or intrinsic value, sometimes reaching into the millions. But the truth is, a painting has no intrinsic value - only rarity. Even its beauty or artful entreatment tin be acquired past buying a impress, at a fraction of the cost of the original. When it comes to a Monet, a Van Gogh or a Titian, none of this matters considering the rarity value justifies a hefty cost-tag, but when it comes to works of fine art by ordinary mortals, beware! - the $20,000 toll-tag for the work of an established small-scale artist can include a large "style" premium, that can disappear overnight. All this explains why the gimmicky art market place has nosedived, while need for rare Onetime Masters and Moderns remains comparatively buoyant.

SEPARATION OF ARTS & CRAFTS
"Fine art", traditionally the premier form of visual creativity, is supposedy a drawing-based acivity, practised mainly for its aesthetic value ("art for art's sake") rather than its functionality. In contrast, the second-class category, known equally "decorative art" (the new word for crafts), refers to things like ceramics, tapestry, enamelling, metalwork, stained glass, textiles, and others, which are accounted to exist ornamental or decorative, rather than intellectual or spiritual. And so to recap: arts are beautiful useless things that elevate the senses - example, the Mona Lisa; whereas crafts prettify functional objects - instance, a tea cup with a handpainted design. I don't know which painter/sculptor or government civil servant get-go proposed this cool distinction, but it lingers on in all its ugly illogicality. Take architecture, for example. This has ever been regarded as a fine art, despite being the ultimate example of utility - just ask any architect. Advertisement posters by the likes of (say) Toulouse Lautrec and Alphonse Mucha are too seen as fine art, despite being the apotheosis of decorative functionalism. On the other hand, a beautiful tapestry or stained glass window is regarded equally mere ornamentalism, irrespective of the caste of artistic designwork and adroitness involved. And if you lot think all this is pointless and confusing, look till yous run across "applied art", a term which is now used to describe a more than design-oriented category of decorative art.

A-Z Types of Art

• Animation Art
Derived from the Latin meaning "to breathe life into", blitheness is the visual art of creating a motion movie from a series of still drawings. Among the great twentieth century animators are J. Stuart Blackton, George McManus, Max Fleischer, and Walt Disney.
• Architecture
All-time understood as the applied art of building design. Historically has exerted significant influence on the evolution of fine art, through architectural styles like Gothic, Baroque and Neoclassical. For the origins of skyscraper design, run into: 19th Century Architecture; for its characteristics and development, run across: Skyscraper Compages (1850-nowadays); for technical details, see: Chicago School of Architecture; for historical context, see: American Architecture (1600-present).
• Art Brut
Painting, drawing, sculpture past artists on the margin of club, or in mental hospitals, or children. (English category is Outsider fine art.)
• Aggregation Fine art
A contemporary course of sculpture, comparable to collage, in which a piece of work of art is congenital up or "assembled" from three-D materials - typically "institute" objects.
• Body Art
One of the oldest (and newest) forms - includes trunk painting and face up painting, besides equally tattoos, mime, "living statues" and (most recently) "performances" past artists like Marina Abramovic and Carole Schneemann.
• Calligraphy
This fine art, practised widely in the Far East and among Islamic artists, is regarded past the Chinese as the highest form of fine art.
• Ceramics
A type of plastic fine art, ceramics refers to items made from clay and baked in a kiln. Meet ancient pottery from China and Greece, below. Two of the foremost European ceramicists are the English artist Bernard Howell Leach (1887-1979), and the Frenchman Camille Le Tallec (1908-91).
• Christian Art
This is mostly Biblical Fine art, or at least works derived from the Bible. It includes Protestant Reformation fine art and Catholic Counter-Reformation fine art, as well as Jewish themes. Meet also: Early Christian sculpture and also: Early Christian Fine art.
• Collage
Composition consisting of various materials like newspaper cuttings, paper-thin, photos, fabrics and the like, pasted to a board or sail. May be combined with painting or drawings.
• Estimator Art
All computer-generated forms of fine or applied art, including figurer-controlled types. Too known every bit Digital, Cybernetic or Cyberspace art.
• Conceptual Art
A contemporary fine art form that places primacy on the concept or thought behind a work of art, rather than the work itself. Leading conceptual artists include: Allan Kaprow (b.1927), and Joseph Beuys (1921-86) the former Professor of Awe-inspiring Sculpture at the Dusseldorf University, whose dedication earned him a retrospective at the Samuel R Guggenheim Museum (New York).
• Design (Creative)
This refers to the program involved in creating something according to a set of aesthetics. Examples of artistic design movements include: Art Nouveau, Art Deco, De Stijl, Bauhaus, Ulm Design School and Postmodernism.
• Drawing
A drawing can be a consummate work, or a type of preparatory sketching for a painting or sculpture. A fundamental upshot in fine art concerns the relative importance of cartoon (line) versus colour.
- chalk
- charcoal
- conte crayon
- pastel
- pen and ink
- pencil
For a option of the greatest sketches by some of the finest draftsmen in history, please see: All-time Drawings of the Renaissance (1400-1550).
• Folk Art
Mostly crafts and utilitarian applied arts made by rural artisans.
• French Furniture
The greatest furniture was created during the 17th/18th centuries by French Designers at the Royal Court, in the Louis Quatorze, Quinze and Seize styles. For a curt guide, run across: French Decorative Arts (1640-1792).
• Graffiti Art
Contemporary form of street droplets spray painting which emerged in Eastward Coast American cities during the late 1960s/early 1970s. Famous graffiti artists include Jean-Michel Basquiat (1960-88), Keith Haring (1958-xc) and Banksy.
• Graphic Fine art
Types of visual expression defined more by line and tone (disegno), rather than colour (colorito). Includes cartoon, cartoons, extravaganza art, comic strips, analogy, blitheness and calligraphy, every bit well every bit all forms of traditional printmaking. Also includes postmodernist styles of discussion art (text-based graphics).
• Icons (Icon Painting)
Ranks alongside mosaic fine art as the most popular type of Eastern Orthodox religious art. Closely associated with Byzantine art, and after, Russian icon painters.
• Illuminated Manuscripts
This principally refers to religious texts (Christian, Islamic, Jewish) embellished with figurative illustrations and/or abstract geometric designs, exemplified by Book of Kells.
• Installation
A new category of contemporary art, which employs various 2-D and 3-D materials to create a particular space designed to make an touch on the viewer/visitor. Turner Prize Winner Damien Hirst and Tracey Emin are famous installation artists.
• Illustration
A form of painting, cartoon or other graphic art which explains, clarifies, pictorializes or decorates written text.
• Jewellery Fine art
Practised past goldsmiths, likewise as other primary-craftsmen like silversmiths, gemologists, diamond cutters/setters and lapidaries.
• Junk Art
Artworks made from ordinary, everyday materials, or "constitute objects", of which Marcel Duchamp'due south "readymades" are a sub-category. Typically includes 3-D works like sculpture, assemblage, collage or installations.
• Land Art
A relatively new category of contemporary fine art, also called Earth fine art, earthworks, or Environmental art, information technology was led by Robert Smithson (1938-73), and emerged in America during the 1960s as a reaction confronting the commercial art world.
• Metalwork Art
Embraces goldsmithing, the fashioning of precious metals into objets d'fine art, as well as enamelwork techniques like cloisonné, plique-a-jour, champlevé, and encrusted enamelling. Run into: Celtic Metalwork. For more modernistic works, see as well: Fabergé Easter Eggs.
• Mosaic Art
An ancient art course, adult by Ancient Greek and Byzantine artists, which creates pictorial designs out of glass tesserae. For its loftier point during the Middle Ages, see: Ravenna Mosaics (c.400-600) and Christian Byzantine Fine art (c.400-1200).
• Outsider Art
Artworks by painters/sculptors outside mainstream civilization; may be mentally ill, or untutored and uneducated: (French equivalent is Art Brut).
• Painting
Since classical artifact the highest form of Western art, painting has been dominated by Renaissance-manner "Academic Fine art". Until the invention of pre-mixed paints and the collapsible pigment tube in the mid-19th century, painters had to create their own color pigments from natural plants and metallic compounds. Run into colour in painting. Famous painting movements or schools include: Early/HighRenaissance, Mannerism, Baroque, Rococo, Neoclassical, Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, Postal service Impressionism, Fauvism, Expressionism, Cubism, Surrealism, Abstruse Expressionism, Op-Fine art, Pop Art, Minimalism, Photorealism, and others.
- acrylics
- encaustic painting
- fresco painting
- gouache
- ink and wash
- nail art
- oils
- miniature painting
- panel painting
- tempera painting
- watercolours
- and more
• Performance Fine art (and Happenings)
A 20th century art form involving a alive performance by the artist before an audition. The class was explored and developed by exponents of Futurism, Constructivism, Dada, Surrealism and later gimmicky art movements.
• Photography
A 20th century medium by which the creative person captures pictorial images on film as opposed to the traditional fine art supports of sail, paper or board. New computer software graphics programs have created new opportunities for editing and prototype manipulation. See as well: Is Photography Art? Foremost among exponents of photographic fine art is the American Ansel Adams, a fellow of the American University of Arts and Sciences, a Guggenheim fellow and recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, noted for his black-and-white photographs of the American West. The leading contemporary Irish lens-based artist is Victor Sloan (b.1945).
• Poster Art
Peaked during the French Belle Epoque and the Art Nouveau era.
• Primitive Art
Associated with Ancient, African, Oceanic and other tribal cultures; also embraces Outsider art.
• Printmaking
The process of making original prints by pressing an inked block or plate onto a receptive support surface, typically paper. Amongst groovy modern exponents of fine art printmaking (eg. woodcuts, engraving, etching, lithography and silkscreen) are the American artist James McNeill Whistler (1834–1903), the French artist Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901), the Dutch graphic creative person MC Escher (1898-1972), Willem de Kooning (1904-97) and Robert Rauschenberg (1925-2008), equally well as silkscreen printers like Andy Warhol (1928-87), all of whom infused the artform with great vitality.
- engraving
- etching
- giclee prints
- lithography
- screen-printing
- woodcuts
- and more
• Public Art
A vague category of art which encompasses all works paid for past public funds. A more narrow definition might restrict it to all works designed for a infinite accessible to the full general public. Sadly, nearly public art ends up in stores or offices staffed by public servants!
• Religious Fine art
Typically architecture, or any fine or decorative arts with a religious theme: includes Christian or Islamic, Hindu, Buddhism or any of a hundred different sects. See for instance Chinese Buddhist sculpture (c.100 CE - present).
• Rock Art
Traditionally encompasses primitive stone engravings (petroglyphs), relief sculptures, cave painting (pictographs) and megaliths of the Stone Age.
• Sand Art
Encompasses sand painting (Navajo Indians, Tibetan Buddhists), sand drawing (Vanuatu, formerly New Hebrides), sand sculpture and architecture.
• Sculpture
Sculpture is a three-dimensional piece of work of plastic art created either by (1) Carving - in stone, marble, wood, ivory, os; (two) modelling - from wax or clay, subsequently which it may be cast in bronze; (iii) an assemblage of "constitute objects". Note: Origami paper folding should also be classed as a plastic art.
- statue
- relief sculpture
- bronze
- water ice sculpture
- ivory carving
- marble
- stone
- terracotta sculpture
- wood-etching
• Stained Glass Art
The supreme decorative fine art of the Gothic movement, stained glass reached its zenith during the 12th and 13th centuries when it was created for Christian cathedrals across Europe. Modern stained drinking glass was fabricated in America by John LaFarge and Louis Comfort Tiffany; and on the Continent at the Bauhaus design school.Sadly, the creators of the stained glass masterpieces in Chartres and other Gothic cathedrals remain anonymous, all the same their skills were kept alive by artists like Marc Chagall (1887-1985) and Joan Miro (1893-1983), and - in Ireland - by such Irish artists as Harry Clarke (1889-1931), Sarah Purser (1848-43) and Evie Strop (1894-1955).
• Tapestry Art
An ancient blazon of textile art, tapestry-making flourished in Europe from the Middle Ages onwards, at the hands of French and (later on) Flemish weavers. The most famous works were woven at the Gobelins tapestry and Beauvais tapestry factories in Paris, but see too the famous Bayeux Tapestry (c.1075) a Romanesque piece of work stitched by Anglo-Saxon and French seamsters, depicting the Norman Conquest of 1066.
• Video Art
I of the almost contempo categories of contemporary expression, pioneered by Andy Warhol and others, video is ofttimes used in installation art, too equally as a stand-alone art course. Several Turner Prize Winners have been video artists. The leading video artist of the twentieth century is probably Bill Viola (b.1951), known for his technical and creative mastery of the genre.

Earth Arts

• Aboriginal Art (Australia)
Introduction to ancient cavern painting and petroglyphs from Australasia.
- Australian Colonial Painting (c.1780-1880)
- Australian Impressionism (c.1886-1900)
- Australian Modern Painting (c.1900-threescore)
• Aegean Art (c.2600-1100 BCE)
Early on Greek civilization: features Cycladic, Minoan and Mycenean cultures.
• African Art
Guide to rock paintings, classical African sculpture, fine art of the African kingdoms, religious and tribal artworks and more.
• American Art
History of painting and other fine arts in America, 1750-nowadays.
• Pre-Columbian Art (Americas)
Compages, art and crafts of the Americas upwards to 1535.
• American Indian Art
A largely craft-based civilisation, specializing in wood carving, fabric arts, trounce-engraving, handbasket-making and formalism masks.
• American Colonial Art
Eurocentric 17th/18th century portrait painting, miniatures and compages.
• Asian Art
Arts and crafts from Nippon, China, Korea, SE Asia and the Indian subcontinent.
• Byzantine Fine art
Principally compages, panel painting, and mosaics created past artists within the eastern Christian Byzantine empire centred on Constantinople.
• Celtic Art
Includes metalwork of the Hallstatt and La Tene civilisation, plus abstract geometric designwork.
• Chinese Art
Includes world famous Chinese lacquerware, bronzes, jade carving, terra cotta sculpture, Chinese Porcelain, wash-painting and calligraphy. For more, see also Chinese Pottery and Chinese Painting. For a guide to the aesthetic principles behind Oriental arts and crafts, run across: Traditional Chinese Art: Characteristics.
• Egyptian Art
Embraces mainly tomb artworks - like panel paintings, Egyptian Sculpture, murals, pottery, metalcraft and Egyptian Pyramids Architecture.
• Etruscan Fine art
Includes tomb paintings, domestic frescoes, statuary and terracotta sculpture, ornate sarcophagi, goldsmithery and jewellery.
• Flemish Painting
School of highly realistic oil painting - including artists like January van Eyck, Roger van der Weyden, Hugo van der Goes, Hans Memling, and others - that strongly influenced the Italian Renaissance.
• Franco-Cantabrian Cave Art
Prehistoric parietal works in southern France and northern Spain.
• French Painting
Follows the French School (1400-1900) from medieval book painting to late 19th century Symbolism.
• German Expressionism
The well-nigh famous style of fine art from Germany. Merely see too our articles on High german Medieval Art (c.800-1250), the German Renaissance (1430-1580) and the German Baroque (c.1550-1750).
• Greek Art
Highly innovative, technically achieved, Greek artists fix the standard in all forms of fine, applied and decorative art, notably painting, sculpture, architecture and glass mosaic.
• Greek Pottery
Includes a range of ceramic designs from different areas of ancient Greece, such every bit Geometric style, Oriental Manner, Black-Figure Fashion and Scarlet-Effigy Way.
• Greek Sculpture
Includes sculptural masterpieces similar Discobolus by Myron; Wounded Amazon past Polykleitos; Apollo Dais by Leochares; Laocoon by Hagesandrus, Athenodoros & Polydorus; Aphrodite of Melos (Venus de Milo) past Andros of Antioch.
• India: Painting & Sculpture
Includes prehistoric cupules and petroglyphs, ivory and bronze figurines, Buddhist frescoes, miniature paintings, and supreme works of Moghal architecture, similar the Taj Mahal (1632-54).
• Irish Fine art
Includes (painting): portraiture, topographical landscape, 19th century history paintings and 20th century genre-works and still lifes; (sculpture): Stone and bronzework past traditional, Gaelic, mod and contemporary Irish sculptors.
• Islamic Fine art
Embraces many categories of inventiveness including, mosque-architecture, ceramics, faience mosaics, lustre-ware, relief sculpture, wood and ivory carving, friezes, cartoon, painting, calligraphy, book-gilding, lacquer-painted bookbinding, textile design, goldsmithery, gemstone carving, and others.
• Renaissance Fine art in Italian republic
Beginning in Florence, information technology spread to Rome and Venice before being taken up past painters and sculptors across Europe.
• Japanese Art
Brief guide to four of the main visual arts in Japan, including: Buddhist Temple art, Zen ink-painting, Yamato-east, and Ukiyo-due east woodblock prints.
• Jewish Art
A look at Ashkenazi, Sephardi and Oriental Jewish fine art, crafts and archeological artifacts. See besides Holocaust Art, principally Jewish art of the Shoah.
• Korean Fine art
Initially influenced by prehistoric Siberian civilisation, then past Chinese arts and crafts, Korea in turn influenced the development of several artforms in Japan.
• Mesopotamian Art
A brief guide to Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian culture in the land between the Tigris and Euphrates. For more than details about certain national styles, see: "Sumerian art" (c.4500-2270 BCE), "Assyrian art" (c.1500-612 BCE), "Hittite art" (c.1600-1180 BCE). See also: Mesopotamian Sculpture.
• Minoan Fine art
Covers sculpture, fresco painting, pottery, stone carvings (notably seal stones), jewellery and the palace compages of Knossos, Phaestus, Akrotiri, Kato Zakros and Mallia.
• Mycenean Fine art
Embraces Tholos tomb compages, precious metalwork, and early Greek plastic arts.
• Oceanic Art
This umbrella term refers to craft produced by indigenous native peoples inside the Melanesia, Polynesia and Federated states of micronesia zones of the Pacific Ocean.
• Persian Art
Encompasses monumental rock sculptures, bas-reliefs, ceramics, mosaics, metalwork, frescoes, illuminated manuscripts, calligraphy, carpet-making, silk-weaving and architectural designs.
• Roman Art
Noted for its historical relief sculptures (eg. Trajan's Cavalcade) and its practical architecture (bridges, aquaducts, roads), ancient Rome was also responsible for producing unique copies of many original Greek sculptures, without which many Hellenic treasures would accept been lost forever.
• Russian Art
Prehistoric sculpture and the history of painting 30,000 BCE to 1920.
• Spanish Painting
Follows Iberian fine art (1500-1970), from El Greco to Antoni Tapies.
• Tribal Art
Short guide to the traditional art of tribal societies in India, Africa, the S Pacific, Australasia, Alaska and the Americas. Also known every bit Archaic Native Art, the category is sometimes extended to include certain early on European artworks (eg. Celtic La Tene). It primarily consists of stoneworks (sculpture, temples), earthworks, and petroglyphs.
• Viking Art
Norse fine art mainly consists of portable artworks, similar decorated torso armour, drinking horns, pagan icons, paddles, and minor carvings in amber, jet, bone, walrus ivory and woods.

Styles and Genres

• Abstract Art
Strictly speaking, abstract artworks derive from non-natural subjects such every bit geometric shapes, although wider definitions embrace all non-representational works. Types of geometric abstraction are as well called physical art, or more confusingly not-objective art. Both these terms mean the same.
• Representational Art
This describes images that are conspicuously recognizable for what they purport to be. Past contrast, abstract art consists of pictures that lack any clear identity, and must therefore exist interpreted by the viewer.
• Figure Drawing and Figure Painting
Including representational cartoon from life.
• History Painting
Derived from the Italian word "istoria" (meaning, "narrative"), history painting - exemplified by Leonardo Davinci'due south work The Last Supper - tells noble stories or carries uplifting messages, and was considered to be No 1 in the Hierarchy of Painting Genres.
• Portrait Fine art
Embracing individual, grouping or self-portraits, this genre - exemplified by Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-69) - was considered to be No 2 in the Hierarchy of Painting Genres.
• Genre Painting
Championed by 17th century Dutch Realists, such as January Vermeer (1632-75), this category of "everyday scenes" was seen as No 3 in the Bureaucracy of Painting Genres.
• Mural Painting
Comprising scenic views in which nature takes primacy over human being figures, this was rated No 4 in the Bureaucracy of Painting Genres.
• However Life Painting
This genre - exemplified by Frans Snyders (1579-1657) - typically comprised an arrangement of objects (flowers, kitchen utensils etc.) laid out on a tabular array. For moralistic still lifes, see: Vanitas Painting (17th century Holland) by Dutch artists similar Harmen van Steenwyck (1612-56), January Davidsz de Heem (1606-83), Willem Kalf (1622-93) and Willem Claesz Heda (1594-1681). Because they were devoid of human representation, notwithstanding lifes were regarded as the to the lowest degree important type of painting.

• For more than about the nomenclature of the visual arts, run across: Homepage.

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ART
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